25 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better Writer

25 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better Writer 25 Essay Writing Tips That Will Make You a Strong Writer Essays are common assignments for college and university students, they may be parts of standardized tests, and they are required on college applications. The ability to write effective essays of different types is vital for academic success so here you have top 25 writing tips that will make you a better writer. But before we delve into details, let’s start with a basic definition of an essay and the most common essay types. The Basics of Essay Writing An essay is a short non-fiction writing assignment about a particular topic. The purpose of an academic essay is to encourage students to express and develop concepts and ideas based on evidence. A good academic essay should answer the question, have a strong thesis statement and an argument, develop a thesis by reasoning and evidence, include relevant examples, and supporting evidence from credible sources. There are four main types of essays you should distinguish: Narrative essays tell a story Descriptive essays present a picture using words and appealing to emotions Expository essays inform the reader on the topic using facts Argumentative (persuasive) essays convince the audience to accept the writer’s point of view. These types of assignments are the most common that students encounter in their writing classes. Although we can speak about some possible basic steps in writing an essay, the writing process is not linear. You might need to return to and go through the different stages several times when you are working on your essay. Here are the main steps in writing an essay: Analyze the question and determine the key terms Research your topic Organize your thoughts and make an outline of your ideas Write your thesis statement Craft the first draft Re-read the draft and make changes Edit your essay, check references and citations Proofread your essay to eliminate grammar and spelling mistakes and typos Following these steps will make writing your successful essay easier. Top Tips for Writing College Essay That Stands Out These are the best tips that will help you complete any college writing assignment and college application essays. If you need more advice, you can find lots of general academic writing tips as well as technical writing tips on the web. Start writing your essay earlier and not on the night before it’s due. Thinking of approaching deadline will add extra stress and won’t help you in the arduous writing process. Focus on your writing and avoid distractions â€" turn off the internet, shut downs all other programs on your computer, turn off your cell phone. Look for a writing center or a writing lab in your campus to get help or hire online assignment writer. Make sure that you understand the instruction/prompt for your essay. If you have any doubts, ask your instructor in person or via email for an explanation. Answer the question/prompt and follow the instruction when writing. Your essay can be successful and get you a good grade only if you are relevant. Don’t plunge into the writing but take your time to think about your topic and make your essay’s outline with bullet points. Write the first draft and put it away for some days. Then review it carefully to find and improve weak points and fix grammar and spelling errors. Your first draft should never be your final draft. The introduction is vital so make it straight to the point. Avoid unnecessary information or otherwise, you may distract your reader from the purpose of your project. Start your essay with a grabber to engage your audience. End your first paragraph with a thesis statement that explains to your reader what your main point or your argument is. Be consistent in using a citation method when citing your sources. Use the citation style that your instructor prefers. Use all quotes from outside sources with proper references to avoid plagiarism. Write body paragraphs. Develop your essay and make sure that the paragraphs constantly point back to the thesis statement and support your argument with evidence. Make your essay balanced and give more space to the most important issues. Write the concluding paragraph and review quickly what you wanted to present in your essay. You may experiment and write the conclusion first before you start writing the introduction and the body paragraphs. Use active voice instead of passive wherever it is possible. Use an online dictionary and thesaurus to improve the word choice and convey your ideas effectively. Avoid colloquialisms and contractions that cannot be used in formal written English. Connect your ideas using transition words to make your writing flow naturally and avoid repetitions. Revise and rewrite. Revision is the key to all well-written papers. Write several versions of your paper. Make your first draft flawless through various rewrites. Edit your essay and improve the quality of writing. Read your essay aloud and fix the sentences that sound awkward or don’t make sense. Ask people for input. Your friends, family, and classmates can check your essay and give you valuable advice. Use online grammar and spell checkers to eliminate mistakes and typos. lways submit your essays and research papers on time if you want to avoid point deductions. Writing skills require hard work and many hours of practice. You can’t become a strong writer if you just read essay writing guides or easy writing tips no matter how good they are. The key to mastering your own writing skills is reading and analyzing well-written model essays, and then practicing and writing, rewriting, and practicing more. If you struggle with writing essays, the best way to become a strong writer is to get professional essay writer help. If you hire an experienced online essay writer on our website, you will get an awesome essay that will be perfect in content, structure, style, and error-free. It will serve you as a perfect template for creating your own strong essays that will impress your professors and get you the grades you want.

The Future of Freedom - 1075 Words

History The Future of Freedom In his book, The Future of Freedom, Fareed Zakaria writes that we must make democracy safe for the world. The American democracy sets the standard around the world for liberal democracies, but transitions across for other countries across the world toward a liberal democracy is often difficult and with poor decision making, close to impossible. Liberal democracies are the systems in which people choose their government and live in an environment of freedom. In Zakarias book, he warns the readers of several telltale signs that their process toward a liberal democracy is in trouble. He uses examples of different countries doing it right and doing it wrong- the ones discussed in this essay will be Russia†¦show more content†¦The other country in question is China. The China is trying to reform the Chinese economy wile holding on to power (Zakaria, 81). Zakaria writes, ‘The experiment is the Chinese leaders attempt to modernize China by opening its economy but holding po litical change in check (81). The government knows that the economic changes have the potential of bringing about political changes; the question is whether they will allow it. Zakaria writes, They know that to introduce capitalism into China requires much more than economic changes, so they have allowed significant reforms of the administrative and legal systems as well (81). Although Zakaria argues that China must reform its political system, he says a quick transition to a liberal democracy can lead to chaos, because of the large size of the country and the small size of its middle class. Other reasons, and probably more realistic reasons for Chinas slow progression towards a democratic state is that the leaders want to clasp to its stronghold on the political system. Can democracy work in China? Zakaria feels it cannot be ignored the progress the Chinese economy has had under its state as a free economy. But the problem continues to be the political progress of this country. China still only has a small middle class, which is detrimental towards a functioning liberal democracy. During the 1980s, there were pushes for political reform from members of theShow MoreRelated The Future of Freedom1081 Words   |  5 Pages History The Future of Freedom nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In his book, The Future of Freedom, Fareed Zakaria writes that we must make democracy safe for the world. The American democracy sets the standard around the world for liberal democracies, but transitions across for other countries across the world toward a liberal democracy is often difficult and with poor decision making, close to impossible. Liberal democracies are the systems in which people choose their government and live in an environmentRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Speech950 Words   |  4 Pagesand express yourself freely. Liberty was not absolute for everybody. Way back and even today people still don’t have complete liberty in America. The early Americans put limits on freedom even when they were trying to create more freedom. The type of limits that the early Americans put on freedom were limits on freedom of speech, and much more. Even with the American Revolution, it was not for everybody. The American Revolution was only for the c olonist and men, but over time the idea of libertyRead MoreDo We Have a Free Will? Essay example1462 Words   |  6 Pagesbe free in making decisions. The aspect of freedom could entail remarkably a high status action and achievement in an individual’s life whose attainment could be close to impossibility. Often, people make decisions rooting their actions on assumptions made on the subject of freedom. The causes of an action are adequate preconditions to bring about their effects to the individual’s decision-making. This explains that the past can possibly shape the future of an individual throughout his or her decisionsRead MoreThe Ethics of Ambiguity Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesDe Beauvoir relies on an individual’s freedom to argue that existence is ambiguous and that each individual should act with the intention of securing this freedom in herself and others. I find Simone de Beauvoir’s analysis on an ambiguous existence to be logical, as I tend to think and act in ways that may constitute my being an existentialist. Throughout The Ethics of Ambiguity, de Beauvoir contrasts the facticity of the world with the individual’s freedom to choose how to shape an otherwise ambiguousRead MoreSocietys Fate in Brave New World by Aldous Huxley994 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough the future remains difficult to predict, some ideas develop the undeniable fate of society. Throughout Brave New World, Aldous Huxley explains predictions for the future of society. The story begins by introducing Bernard Marx and his discovery of John, and his mother Linda on the reservation. This unfolds into John realizing the degree to which society has stripped their humanity. The emotionless society that Huxley displays depicts the nearing future of society. Although the future will introduceRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Reagans Farewell Address1653 Words   |  7 Pageswhole of America spreading this pride, it will begin to dwindle and fade away. He knows it will take all of America to keep up this feeling of nationa l pride. Additionally, he knows that Americans need to keep this spirit and pride alive, for the future of America. Within the text, Reagan also utilizes diction and to advance his tone, for example, he uses words like,†love† â€Å"appreciation† and â€Å"values† to further his tone of pride, hopefulness, and patriotism. Furthermore, when he says â€Å"I’ve spokenRead More2. The Search For Meaning And The Idea Of Freedom. . Frankl1357 Words   |  6 Pages2. The Search for Meaning and the Idea of Freedom Frankl supports the idea that humans are ultimately free and is the ultimate achievement for man. Even in the most terrible circumstances, a person still has the freedom to choose how they see their outcome and what kind of meaning they are going to take away from the situation. Frankl believes that there is a kind of freedom that can never be stolen from a person no matter how ruthless the situation. Frankl wrestled with the questions of whereRead MoreCompare/Contrast Douglass and Jacobs1607 Words   |  7 Pagesperspective of the female slave, Harriet Jacobs in â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl†, and respectfully compared to that of a man slave, Frederick Douglass in â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†. Although both experienced their freedoms despite facing great adversity, being a slave woman offers a different perspective of a woman’s account of her disadvantages. One way that Harriet Jacobs perceived slavery differently than Frederick Douglass is that as a child, she never evenRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984848 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the future. In 1984 a man named Winston lives in a world covered in cameras. He is under surveillance twenty/four seven. Winston was interfered with his privacy, but also every other citizen is monitored. In 1984 George Orwell said â€Å"There was of course no way of knowing whether you were being watched at any given moment†. Winston was not allowed to do anything or show any type of expression. Privacy shows the type of freedom we have and our limits as a citizen. Privacy shows are freedom becauseRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Child Marriage751 Words   |  4 Pagespoor villages. Their belief is to choose their life partner at the early age. Because of their families poor level, and less education. Child marriage ruins many childrens life and future. Child marriage has to stop, otherwise, it will get negative effects on the financial status of children, as well as their freedom and education. First of all, child marriage can negatively impact the childrens financial status. Most children that are married young are more likely to end up stay in poverty. At

Von Schiller - 740 Words

Human Knowledge Friedrich Von Schiller World Literature 107 Schiller was born and raised in Germany. His father was an army surgeon. He went to school for medicine and law, but there was something about law that excited him. While attending Stuttgart Military Academy, he wrote his first play â€Å"The Robbers.† He got dismissed after leaving the army post without permission to see the opening of his play. The opening of the play was also influential to his life because it said â€Å"against Tyrants† and freedom was threatening to authority. He was exiled but until the end of his life he stayed true to his beliefs. He moved to Weimar in 1787 and had financial independence. Two years later he became a history professor. He was also granted the†¦show more content†¦You can never know everything 2 What does the â€Å"spheres mystic dance† ( line 10) mean? What effect does this metaphor have on the poem? If you try you will succeed 3. How is the poem more classical than romantic? More romantic that classical? They are not together its about life. 4. What is the tone of this poem? How does Schiller achieve it? Dark and ominous, with his magical words and phrases. WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE 1. He was pretty much saying that you read people like astronomers read stars. Thus the astronomer draws his figures over the heavens 2.Vehicles were way different way back in the day. My grandparents have vehicles with barely any technology, my parents got cars with cassette players but you could put a cd player in, my vehicles have way more technology and come with cd players. RELATED UNKNOWN SOUTH DAKOTA LITERARY DEVICES FOUND IN THE POEM Assonance The repetition of vowel sounds in non-rhyming words (ship in distress) There is no evidence of assonance in this poem, but there are key words such as gladden the eye, groups, grasp, and glorious which are forms of alliteration. Consonance The repetition of consonant sounds within and at the ends of words (e.g. It is blunt and flat.) Often used with assonance, alliteration, and rhyme to create a musical quality, to emphasize certain words, or to unify a poem. There are no consonance in this poem. SOUTH DAKOTA 12TH GRADE READING STANDARDSShow MoreRelatedBiography on Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller1785 Words   |  7 PagesJohann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller, German philosopher, poet, and dramatist was born in Marbach, Wà ¼rttemberg in 1759. From a young age Schiller proved to be very successful in Academia, and began writing plays while still attending military academy. Although talented, Schiller did not aspire to be a dramatist, in some of his personal memoirs he mentioned â€Å"I wanted only to be a clergyman-and have never got beyond the theatre!†(Pilling, 2005). In 1782 he was appointed theatre poet at the MannheimRead More Ludwig Van Beethoven 9th Symphony Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pages20, 1846 by the New York Philharmonic under George Loder. Its performance can never be an ordinary event, just another concert, it is something special because the feeling you get inside when you hear it for the first time. The work of Friedrich von Schiller to set A n die Freude should be much of the credit of the ninth symphony, but Beethovens ability to put into music; it’s an art song, which is lovely poetry put into music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By 1823, Beethoven was not yet sure whether the finale wouldRead MoreTaking a Look at Realism2663 Words   |  11 PagesFriedrich von Schiller is one of the first authors to have written from a realistic viewpoint. Schiller considered himself to be a historian and took it upon himself to dramatize historical events ((Johnann Christoph) Friedrich von Schiller). He combined elements of both realism and romanticism in many of his works. In his domestic tragedy, Kabale und Liebe, he wrote about a pair of lovers who were broken apart by the society they lived in ((Johnann Christoph) Friedrich von Schiller). SchillerRead MoreEssay on Beethoven1349 Words   |  6 PagesBeethoven had once written an instrumental finale, but his dream of setting Schillers Ode to Joy overcame him. The Ninth is a confluence of many currants and forces in Beethovens life: of an involvement since boyhood with the work of Friedrich von Schiller and a plan cherished over thirty years to set his ode An die Fruede; of a fugue subject jotted down in a notebook about 1815 and again in somewhat altered form two or three years later (This became the main theme of the scherzo); of an invitationRead MoreA True Classical German Theatre1945 Words   |  8 Pagesamplify the influence that it had culturally in Europe, as French theatre rose in importance and shadowed most of the remaining continental attempts to find critical recognition, and to the emergence of a theatrical culture. It is with the age of Schiller and Goethe that the creation of a true classical German theatre appears, one which made its mark to the point that it is still traceable in today’s theatre scene in German speaking countries . Weimar Classicism came therefore about as what couldRead MoreGerman Culture Es say991 Words   |  4 PagesRussian. Literature German literature dates back to the Middle Ages. The most celebrated authors of the period are Walter von der Vogelweide and Wolfram von Eschenbach. The world renowned Grimm Brothers - Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm published their fairy tales collection in the 19th century. Among the most respected German poets and authors are Lessing, Goethe, Schiller, Kleist, Hoffmann, Brecht, Heine and Schmidt. Nine Germans have been awarded the Nobel Prize in literature. Religious MajorityRead More Paideia as Bildung in Germany in the Age of Enlightenment Essay2987 Words   |  12 Pageshistory of German philosophy, from the Medieval mystics to the secularization of the Enlightenment. Wilhelm von Humboldts work at the end of the 18th century is a good example. He placed the idea of Bildung at the center of his work because it was rooted in a dynamic, transforming idea of the natural and human worlds while also being oriented toward a model of balance and perfection. Von Humboldts interpretation of modernity is characterized by a strong emphasis on change as well as the need toRead MoreEssay European Romanticism833 Words   |  4 Pagesand visionary relationship to imagination and aspiration. Romantics favoured more natural, emotional and personal artistic themes. Some of the most notable writers of Romanticism were Mary Shelley, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Victor Hugo, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Friedrich von Schiller. Many of the characteristic features of Romanticism can be seen in Frankenstein written by Mary Shelly. Romantic writers always try to focus on sublime moments and experiences in their work. In Frankenstein,Read MorePlutarchs Life and Legendary Writings Essay759 Words   |  4 Pagesand modern historians had their ideas about how they saw and thought of Plutarch. Plutarch was â€Å"admired, by the American poet, philosopher, and essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson†(Walbank). Also, â€Å"the German classical poets Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich von Schiller, and Jean Paul especially were influenced by Plutarch’s works†(Walbank). During his lifetime, Plutarch he made a significant impact on the study of history, especially through his contribution of writing. Plutarch’s writing styles andRead MoreRomanticism Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pageslater in some of the arts, like music and painting, than in literature. This extended chronological spectrum (1770-1870 ) also permits recognition as Romantic the poetry of Robert Burns and William Blake in England, the early writings of Goethe and Schiller in Germany, and the great period of influence for Rousseaus writings throughout Europe. The early Romantic period thus coincides with what is often called the age of revolutions including, of course, the American (1776) and the French (1789) revolutions--an

Prescription Drug Abuse and Addiction Free Essays

These medications are prescribed by a physician and purchased at a pharmacy to treat cute or chronic pain (Byrne, Lander, Ferris, 2009). Description Prescription Drug misuse and abuse affects all members of society to include the rich and famous, homemakers, physicians, executives, teachers, the young and the elderly. The fact that the medications are self-administered substances prescribed to treat acute or chronic conditions contributes to the increased Incidence of Dalton (Wolfed, Appear, DuPont, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Prescription Drug Abuse and Addiction or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are some factors that affect the rated of prescription drug abuse such as older people and women are less likely to abuse drugs (Weaver, Jarvis, 2010). However adults that range In age thirty- five to forty-four have the highest drug abuse rates as wells as residences of the Southern and Western regions of the US (CDC, 2008). Rationale Everyday increasing amounts of the patients seek treatment in the emergency departments across the Valley of the Sun. These patients are actively seeking prescription painkillers. Some of the patients have legitimate pain issues but most do not. Many of the high emergency room utilizes are treated in over four different hospital emergency departments per week. Many have been caught altering, or forging prescriptions. Patients give explanations such as their medication was lost, stolen, or the pharmacist did not give the correct amount of drugs for the Increased frequency of the need for refills (Wilfred, Appear, DuPont, 2011). There are increased incidences of identity theft and patients using aliases to obtain prescriptions. How to cite Prescription Drug Abuse and Addiction, Papers

Sarbanes-Oxley Act Essay Example

Sarbanes-Oxley Act Essay The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, also known as SOX or Sarbox, was put into law by the United States federal government on July 30, 2002.   This act was created as a reaction to a plethora of corporate and accounting controversies, such as that associated with Enron, Tyco International and WorldCom.   These controversies involved corporate frauds during the years 2000 to 2002 and these were related to the conflict between the interest rates and compensation measures used by these companies.   These fraudulent corporate cases resulted in a total loss of approximately $500 billion which then significantly lowered the United States’ market value (Farrell, 2005).   More importantly, these corporate controversies significantly decreased the public’s confidence in the traditional measures taken by companies with regards to accounting and reporting of assets and incomes.   The Sarbox Act, identified as Pub. L. No. 107-204, 116 Stat. 745, was tagged as such, based on th e Act’s sponsors, namely Senator Paul Sarbanes (D-MD) and Representative Michael G. Oxley (R-OH).   The Sarbanes-Oxley Act has been described as the most comprehensive reform in American business procedures since the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act covers a broad spectrum of business practices and describes an improved protocol that should be implemented in all United States public company boards and sects.   It also identifies the responsibilities of the Corporate Board with regards with criminal acts and their associated penalties.   The Act also states that the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is responsible for executing rules so that all companies follow this Act (Hevesi, 2006).   It is believed that this Act is essential to the stability of the United States’ economy.   However, there are also comments that the Act will result in more confusion with regards to standards in corporate practices, resulting in damage than correction or prevention of wrong business practices. We will write a custom essay sample on Sarbanes-Oxley Act specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sarbanes-Oxley Act specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sarbanes-Oxley Act specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Sarbanes-Oxley Act also created a new agency, named as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), which is mandated to supervise, regulate, inspect and control all accounting firms.   Essentially, the PCAOB plays a major role as the general auditor of public companies across the United States.   The Sarbox Act is also responsible for providing independence, governance, assessment and disclosure of corporate auditing processes among companies across the United States. The establishment of the Sarbox Act has facilitated the relocation of the business center of the world from New York’s Wall Street to London, where the Financial Services Authority is known to control the financial processes with a less rigorous method.   Also, other companies from other countries around the world have benefited from the Sarbox Act because these companies now have better options to gain higher credit ratings within the United States (Neil, 2006).   In addition, companies also get a better chance of obtaining better credit scores with the London Stock Exchange.   Such changes are mainly due to the implementation that lower interest rates be used by companies across the United States (Schumer and Bloomberg, 2006). The Sarbox Act also indicates in its Section 404 that every company should be managed and auditor both by internal and external auditors so that future financial frauds will be avoided.   This provision may be costly because it will take routine documentation and testing, yet it saves a significant amount of money, in case another fraudulent case happens in the future. Sarbanes-Oxley Act Essay Example Sarbanes-Oxley Act Essay Sarbanes-Oxley Act, signed into law by President George Bush on June 30, 2002, was crafted in order to improve securities legislature and to strengthen the requirements of audit checks. The act appeared in response to a string of corporate scandals and was meant as a reaction to these scandals. The article â€Å"Private Companies Feel Effects of Sarbanes-Oxley† by Thomas Hoffman concentrates on the effect the implementation of the act had on private companies. In essence, the law was meant to address issues of corporate fraud at publicly traded companies, but now the private companies are beginning to feel the impact as well. This is true in particular with reference to the so-called whistle-blowing provision that requires that â€Å"employees must be given the means to anonymously notify federal regulators or corporate audit committees of any potential wrongdoing within their companies† (Hoffman, 2003). The companies will have to adapt their internal computer systems to the need to provide confidential information. In addition, private companies considering incorporation will then have to meet all the requirements for public companies, including the costly compliance with Section 404 that requires companies to improve their internal controls and to report their adequacy in an annual report confirmed by auditors. Some private companies have already begun to update their internal controls in accordance with Sarbanes-Oxley. Thus, Fred Pauls, corporate records manager at J.R. Simplot Co. in Boise, Idaho, reports that their company â€Å"last year began indexing its purchase-order system so the application meets Sarbanes-Oxleys record-keeping requirements† (Hoffman, 2003). Besides, the prospect of an acquisition motivates a private company to strengthen internal controls to meet the requirements of the acquiring public company, states Jocelyn Arel, a partner in Testa, Hurwitz Thibeault LLP (Hoffman, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on Sarbanes-Oxley Act specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sarbanes-Oxley Act specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sarbanes-Oxley Act specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hoffman, T. (2003, August 4). Private Companies Feel Effects of Sarbanes-Oxley: Financial reporting law could force IT changes even at nonpublic businesses. Computerworld. Retrieved January 14, 2006 from http://www.computerworld.com/printthis/2003/0,4814,83672,00.html. Sarbanes-Oxley Act Essay Example Sarbanes-Oxley Act Essay Sarbanes-Oxley Act, signed into law by President George Bush on June 30, 2002, was crafted in order to improve securities legislature and to strengthen the requirements of audit checks. The act appeared in response to a string of corporate scandals and was meant as a reaction to these scandals. The article â€Å"Private Companies Feel Effects of Sarbanes-Oxley† by Thomas Hoffman concentrates on the effect the implementation of the act had on private companies. In essence, the law was meant to address issues of corporate fraud at publicly traded companies, but now the private companies are beginning to feel the impact as well. This is true in particular with reference to the so-called whistle-blowing provision that requires that â€Å"employees must be given the means to anonymously notify federal regulators or corporate audit committees of any potential wrongdoing within their companies† (Hoffman, 2003). The companies will have to adapt their internal computer systems to the need to provide confidential information. In addition, private companies considering incorporation will then have to meet all the requirements for public companies, including the costly compliance with Section 404 that requires companies to improve their internal controls and to report their adequacy in an annual report confirmed by auditors. Some private companies have already begun to update their internal controls in accordance with Sarbanes-Oxley. Thus, Fred Pauls, corporate records manager at J.R. Simplot Co. in Boise, Idaho, reports that their company â€Å"last year began indexing its purchase-order system so the application meets Sarbanes-Oxleys record-keeping requirements† (Hoffman, 2003). Besides, the prospect of an acquisition motivates a private company to strengthen internal controls to meet the requirements of the acquiring public company, states Jocelyn Arel, a partner in Testa, Hurwitz Thibeault LLP (Hoffman, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on Sarbanes-Oxley Act specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sarbanes-Oxley Act specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sarbanes-Oxley Act specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hoffman, T. (2003, August 4). Private Companies Feel Effects of Sarbanes-Oxley: Financial reporting law could force IT changes even at nonpublic businesses. Computerworld. Retrieved January 14, 2006 from http://www.computerworld.com/printthis/2003/0,4814,83672,00.html.

ARAB-ISRAELI WARS Essays - ArabIsraeli Conflict, Western Asia

ARAB-ISRAELI WARS Essays - ArabIsraeli Conflict, Western Asia ARAB-ISRAELI WARS Since the United Nations partition of PALESTINE in 1947 and the establishment of the modern state of ISRAEL in 1948, there have been four major Arab-Israeli wars (1947-49, 1956, 1967, and 1973) and numerous intermittent battles. Although Egypt and Israel signed a peace treaty in 1979, hostility between Israel and the rest of its Arab neighbors, complicated by the demands of Palestinian Arabs, continued into the 1980s. THE FIRST PALESTINE WAR (1947-49) The first war began as a civil conflict between Palestinian Jews and Arabs following the United Nations recommendation of Nov. 29, 1947, to partition Palestine, then still under British mandate, into an Arab state and a Jewish state. Fighting quickly spread as Arab guerrillas attacked Jewish settlements and communication links to prevent implementation of the UN plan. Jewish forces prevented seizure of most settlements, but Arab guerrillas, supported by the Transjordanian Arab Legion under the command of British officers, besieged Jerusalem. By April, Haganah, the principal Jewish military group, seized the offensive, scoring victories against the Arab Liberation Army in northern Palestine, Jaffa, and Jerusalem. British military forces withdrew to Haifa; although officially neutral, some commanders assisted one side or the other. After the British had departed and the state of Israel had been established on May 15, 1948, under the premiership of David BEN-GURION, the Palestine Arab forces and foreign volunteers were joined by regular armies of Transjordan (now the kingdom of JORDAN), IRAQ, LEBANON, and SYRIA, with token support from SAUDI ARABIA. Efforts by the UN to halt the fighting were unsuccessful until June 11, when a 4-week truce was declared. When the Arab states refused to renew the truce, ten more days of fighting erupted. In that time Israel greatly extended the area under its control and broke the siege of Jerusalem. Fighting on a smaller scale continued during the second UN truce beginning in mid-July, and Israel acquired more territory, especially in Galilee and the Negev. By January 1949, when the last battles ended, Israel had extended its frontiers by about 5,000 sq km (1,930 sq mi) beyond the 15,500 sq km (4,983 sq mi) allocated to the Jewish state in the UN partition resolution. It had also secured its independence. During 1949, armistice agreements were signed under UN auspices between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon. The armistice frontiers were unofficial boundaries until 1967. SUEZ-SINAI WAR (1956) Border conflicts between Israel and the Arabs continued despite provisions in the 1949 armistice agreements for peace negotiations. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinian Arabs who had left Israeli-held territory during the first war concentrated in refugee camps along Israel's frontiers and became a major source of friction when they infiltrated back to their homes or attacked Israeli border settlements. A major tension point was the Egyptian-controlled GAZA STRIP, which was used by Arab guerrillas for raids into southern Israel. Egypt's blockade of Israeli shipping in the Suez Canal and Gulf of Aqaba intensified the hostilities. These escalating tensions converged with the SUEZ CRISIS caused by the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egyptian president Gamal NASSER. Great Britain and France strenuously objected to Nasser's policies, and a joint military campaign was planned against Egypt with the understanding that Israel would take the initiative by seizing the Sinai Peninsula. The war began on Oct. 29, 1956, after an announcement that the armies of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan were to be integrated under the Egyptian commander in chief. Israel's Operation Kadesh, commanded by Moshe DAYAN, lasted less than a week; its forces reached the eastern bank of the Suez Canal in about 100 hours, seizing the Gaza Strip and nearly all the Sinai Peninsula. The Sinai operations were supplemented by an Anglo-French invasion of Egypt on November 5, giving the allies control of the northern sector of the Suez Canal. The war was halted by a UN General Assembly resolution calling for an immediate ceasefire and withdrawal of all occupying forces from Egyptian territory. The General Assembly also established a United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) to replace the allied troops on the Egyptian side of the borders in Suez, Sinai, and Gaza. By December 22 the last British and French troops had left Egypt. Israel, however, delayed withdrawal, insisting that it receive security guarantees against further Egyptian attack. After several additional UN resolutions calling for withdrawal and after pressure from the United States, Israel's forces left in March 1957. SIX-DAY WAR (1967) Relations between Israel and Egypt remained fairly stable in the following decade. The Suez Canal remained closed to Israeli shipping, the Arab boycott of Israel was maintained, and periodic border clashes occurred between Israel, Syria, and Jordan. However,

Festive Medieval Christmas

Festive Medieval Christmas When the holiday season engulfs us- and as we are subjected to a barrage of sentiment and commercialism (which are often indistinguishable from one another)- simpler days seem so much more attractive, and many of us tend to look to the past. Many of the customs we observe, traditions we practice, and foods we eat today originated in the middle ages. You may already incorporate some of these festivities in your holiday, or perhaps you might like to start a new tradition with a very old one. As you celebrate these customs, remember that they started with a medieval Christmas. A Christmas Carol and a flood of nostalgia for the Victorian era gives us a fairly good idea of what a nineteenth century Christmas was like. But the concept of observing Christs birthday goes back much farther than the nineteenth century. In fact, the origin of the English word Christmas is found in the Old English Cristes Maesse  (mass of Christ), and winter solstice festivities date back to ancient times in all corners of the world. So what was it like to celebrate Christmas in the Middle Ages? Early Medieval Christmas Observances Determining exactly what Christmas was like depends not only on where it was observed, but when. In late antiquity, Christmas was a quiet and solemn occasion, marked by a special mass and calling for prayer and reflection. Until the fourth century, no fixed date had been formally set by the Church- in some places it was observed in April or May, in others in January and even in November. It was Pope Julius I who officially fixed the date at December 25th, and why exactly he chose the date is still not clear. Although it is possible that it was a deliberate Christianization of a pagan holiday, many other factors seem to have come into play. Epiphany or Twelfth Night More commonly (and enthusiastically) celebrated was the Epiphany, or Twelfth Night, celebrated on January 6. This is another holiday whose origins are sometimes lost in the festivities of the moment. It is generally believed that Epiphany marked the visit of the Magi and their bestowal of gifts on the Christ child, but it is more likely that the holiday originally celebrated Christs baptism instead. Nevertheless, Epiphany was much more popular and festive than Christmas in the early middle ages and was a time for the bestowal of gifts in the tradition of the three Wise Men- a custom that survives to this day. Later Medieval Christmas Observances In time, Christmas grew in popularity- and as it did so, many of the Pagan traditions associated with the winter solstice became associated with Christmas as well. New customs particular to the Christian holiday also arose. December 24th and 25th became a time for feasting and socializing as well as a time for prayer.